Dos santos católicos de junho, João é disparado o mais festejado, sobretudo no Nordeste brasileiro. O ‘SanJoão’ é uma mistura de tradições, crenças, ritos, folguedos… Só alegria.
Fogueira, fogos, balões, bandeirolas, forró, quadrilhas (no bom sentido), rezas, mesa farta, encontros, família, superstições, promessas, juras de amor, estórias, meninada ciscando … Muitas histórias.
João, segundo a Bíblia, era primo de Jesus; João Batista, o precursor de Cristo, a quem batizou nas águas do rio Jordão. Mas quando o culto católico a São João chegou ao norte da Europa já existiam os cultos dos celtas e outros povos aos deuses, ou deusa Terra-Mãe, da fertilidade. A festança tinha seu ápice na longa noite do solstício de verão no hemisfério norte, 21 de junho. Então acendiam-se fogueiras e ao redor delas dançavam, comiam, bebiam, louvavam, pediam, agradeciam, amavam-se livremente, fazendo sexo noite a dentro. Uma noite de encantamentos.
Um viva à fertilidade, aos prazeres, à Natureza. Era uma festa pagã, pecaminosa do ponto de vista católico. Como se sabe pela História, a Igreja Católica, através da expansão imperialista romana, chegou dominando, reprimindo, se apropriando, colonizando, catequizando, modificando ritos e costumes, pregando e exigindo obediências ao papado e aos dogmas e crenças e santos da ‘Santa Igreja Católica, Apostólica e Romana.
Essa devoção a São João, louvando-o com fogueiras, comilanças, danças, cantigas e chamegos foi trazida para o Brasil pelos europeus colonizadores, obviamente católicos. Aqui nos trópicos, São João acolheu também a fé, a religiosidade de nossa gente misturada – as manifestações das comunidades indígenas e os cultos ancestrais dos africanos que por aqui aportaram, escravizados.
Assim, o São João das fogueiras, passa a ter a ver com os inkices, orixás, voduns, caboclos e encantados que guardam e emanam a energia do fogo, o sagrado fogo da fertilidade e da abundância, dos prazeres da carne e da alegria de viver.
Viva Xangô, o Rei de Oyó, muito cultuado nos terreiro de nação Ketu/Nagô.
Viva o Xangô menino! Fogos, fogueiras, folguedos … Viva o São João festeiro !
*
Seguindo as escrituras adotadas pelos católicos, João nasceu num dia 24 de junho, alguns anos antes de vir ao mundo seu primo Jesus. E teria morrido no fim de agosto do ano 31 d.C., na Palestina, decapitado por ordem do malvado rei Herodes Antipas, a pedido de sua enteada, uma jovem e bela dançarina chamada Salomé. Motivo? Vinganças de alcova, sacanagem da mãe de Salomé, que transava no lusco-fusco com o poderoso. João, um contestador contumaz, esculhambava os entronados da Galiléia e por isso estava preso. Sua cabeça terminou entregue numa bandeja dourada a Salomé, sabe-se lá com qual serventia. Mas está lá escrito.
João era filho de Zacarias e Isabel; essa, prima carnal de Maria, a futura mãe de Jesus, a que é venerada como Nossa Senhora, a virgem imaculada. Diz que Isabel, quando engravidou, prometeu a Maria que avisaria quando a criança nascesse acendendo uma fogueira bem lá no alto onde morava para que a prima visse. O fogo como sinal. A fogueira como luz da vida e da vinda de João. João que viria anunciar a vinda de Jesus, o Cristo, o Salvador, o Filho de Deus. João, o profeta, o pregador mal vestido, um líder libertário de língua solta, doidão, comedor de gafanhotos… que tinha muitos seguidores e era mal visto pelos poderosos e religiosos da Judéia.
Na imagem difundida de São João pela Igreja ele aparece bem jovem e carrega um carneirinho no colo, um simbolismo, porque ele foi o predecessor e anunciador do Cordeiro de Deus, Jesus, a quem batizou nas águas do Jordão, o Cristo. Daí o nome São João Batista; ‘batista’, o batizador.
**
Então, mesmo nesses tempos sombrios de descrenças, rixas e pandemias … quando parece ninguém se entender nesse mundão de Deus …
Não deixemos morrer essas demonstrações simples e bonitas, até poéticas, de uma fé que é cultura, tradição popular. Acima de religiões.
Já não se deve mais soltar balões, os fogos de artifício andam muito caros, mas nos esforcemos para acender a fogueira na porta da casa, uma velinha no oratório, aquela roupa colorida…
E vamos dançar (mesmo que à distância, mesmo que só mentalmente) um forró gostoso, forrós daqueles de sanfona e zabumba e triângulo (que nos lembram Luiz, o Gonzaga), e brincar, passear, olhar pro céu, namorar, louvar, tomar licor, comer canjica, pamonha, milho verde cozido, assado, cuscuz, bolo, doces, batatas, amendoins… Assim festejemos. Agradeçamos pelo fogo, a chama da vida.
Quadrilhas, só as juninas. E Viva São João! Kaô Kaô Kabiecilé !
**
Ah, não esqueça:
Forró é festança, música e dança. Quadrilha é folguedo.
Ritmos, gêneros musicais são o baião, o xote, xaxado, coco, a embolada, a toada, o repente …
Lamentos e aboios e rezas e labutas a inspirar cantorias e cantigas de nossa gente nordestina.
**
zedejesusbarreto/ jun2020.
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