Fotos Sputnik Brasil
Nos últimos anos temos percebido que ao invés de as políticas públicas estarem voltadas para o desenvolvimento sustentável, as mesmas estão em desencontro com as propostas de todos os países que buscam crescer e ao mesmo tempo equilibrar a utilização dos recursos naturais.
No Brasil, desde a Eco Rio 92, que estabeleceu a agenda de compromissos globais, a Agenda 21 – composta por 21 compromissos para melhorar as relações do homem com a natureza -, pouco se tem feito, ou ainda há muito para se fazer. Estamos em momentos de discussões sobre a Agenda 2030, que propõe além de revisar as propostas do século passado, criar um movimento positivo de relações que garantirão a perpetuação da espécie humana no planeta e dos demais seres vivos. Porém, os dados não são tão positivos, segundo estudos do Imazon – Instituto do Homem e Meio Ambiente da Amazônia. Segundo o Instituto, o aumento do desmatamento na Amazônia chegou a 22% em relação a períodos anteriores.
Os estados mais afetados são: Mato Grosso, Pará e Amazonas. O avanço da fronteira agrícola, a mineração e a criação de bovinos têm acelerado o desmatamento que está descontrolado. Por um lado, temos uma legislação dura, ou seja, uma lei que criminaliza os danos causados ao meio ambiente, e por outro lado, vemos a ineficiência estatal para se fazer cumprir a legislação.
O Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) vem monitorando através de imagens do Landsat, ou seja, com precisão de 30 m, o que vem ocorrendo na Amazônia. O reflexo disso são as mudanças climáticas, a extinção de espécies nativas e em especial a migração de populações em decorrência da ocupação destas áreas.
O pasto tomou conta da floresta, e atualmente temos uma população maior de bovinos na Amazônia do que de pessoas. É lamentável que o modelo estabelecido para região não atenda as políticas públicas tão debatidas e formalizadas e importantes eventos já realizados no Brasil e no exterior.
A outra situação que preocupa são as unidades de conservação, que estão sendo desmatadas apesar de serem protegidas. O exemplo mais atual é a Floresta Nacional do Jamanxim, no sudoeste do Pará, que de janeiro a maio desse ano sofreu a devastação de uma área de 57 quilômetros quadrados. E o que mais chama atenção é que no Congresso Nacional há projetos de Lei para diminuírem a extensão das reservas ambientais brasileiras. O Ministério do Meio Ambiente aplicou algumas multas, mas que são ineficientes quando outros interesses estão acima de tudo, o que não são interesses socioambientais.
Autor: Rodrigo Berté, diretor da Escola Superior de Biociências do Centro Universitário Internacional Uninter.
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